Speculative Realism

Speculative realism is a philosophical movement that resists correlationism, affirming a reality independent of human thought. Thinkers such as Quentin Meillassoux, Graham Harman, and Ray Brassier diverge in method but converge in rejecting the reduction of being to its accessibility for humans. It re-centers the opacity and autonomy of objects, forces, and processes. For landscape and design theory, speculative realism opens the possibility of engaging environments as worlds in themselves, not just backdrops for human experience. It is an invitation to think with the inhuman and the withdrawn.

As part of the broader philosophical movement of speculative realism, OOO (Object-Oriented Ontology) directly challenges the long-established belief that reality is always determined solely through human perception. Instead, the father of OOO, philosopher Graham Harman, argues that all objects—human and non-human, natural and artificial—exist independently of our subjective conceptualizations. To understand the radical nature and […]

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