Topology

Topology is the study of relations in space that persist through transformation—connections, continuity, adjacency—rather than fixed forms. In mathematics, it describes properties that remain when shapes are stretched or bent without breaking. Borrowed into design theory, topology shifts focus from objects to relations, from static form to dynamic systems. It points to networks, flows, and elastic configurations. Topology is a way to think beyond form-making: to see spaces as relational fields, where connectivity and continuity matter more than fixed shape. It opens design to fluid, adaptive structures that can absorb change.

/ Urška Škerl

Dr. Anette Freytag is a relentless researcher, moving between academia, activism, and public engagement. She taught at ETH Zurich, the University of Basel, and the Technical University of Innsbruck before joining Rutgers University, where she is the Professor of the History and Theory of Landscape Architecture at the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences. Freytag […]

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