Actor-Network Theory (ANT)

Actor-Network Theory (ANT), developed by Bruno Latour, Michel Callon, and John Law in the 1980s, is a methodological and theoretical approach within science and technology studies (STS). It challenges distinctions between humans, technologies, and natural entities by treating all as “actants” in networks of association. ANT proposes that agency is not an exclusive property of human subjects but emerges from heterogeneous assemblages of people, objects, infrastructures, and institutions. Knowledge, power, and social order are thus seen as effects of these dynamic networks rather than as top-down structures. In architecture, urbanism, and landscape discourse, ANT has been influential in framing design as the organization of distributed agencies across scales and materials. Its non-hierarchical view of actors resonates with posthumanist theories and supports design practices attentive to entanglement and interdependency.

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